Magneto: Enabling Multimodal Haptic Feedback on Paper through Magnetic Fields

Abstract

Paper, with its inherent versatility and adaptability, has long served as an accessible medium for interaction across different use cases. However, its analog nature constrains it to relatively fixed, static uses once created and limits its ability to provide richer sensory feedback or respond to changing contexts in the way digital interfaces can. To address this limitation, we introduce Magneto, a multimodal haptic system that augments paper interfaces with force, vibration, and thermal feedback through magnetic fields. The system combines neodymium magnets and steel plates in patch modules, using electromagnets for force and vibration and Zero Voltage Switching (ZVS) induction modules for thermal feedback. The technical evaluation confirms Magneto’s operation within human perceptual thresholds across the suggested feedback modalities. Applications of Magneto are explored in educational, gaming, and prototyping contexts, illustrating its potential to transform static paper interfaces into dynamic, interactive systems. © 2025 Copyright held by the owner/author(s).