Machine Learning-Based Multiclass Anomaly Detection and Classification in Hybrid Active Distribution Networks

Abstract

Anomaly detection in power systems is crucial for operational reliability and safety, often addressed through binary classification in existing research. However, a research gap exists in multiclass classification for enhanced reliability. To bridge this gap, this study employs four machine learning (ML) classifiers: Random Forest (RF), Decision Tree, Naive Bayes (NB), and Support Vector Machine (SVM) using comprehensive testing on a dataset comprising sixteen indices and their pair combinations (totaling 136 pairs). These classifiers, trained on a dataset derived from simulating a test system with hybrid DGs, exhibit superior anomaly detection, especially with the <italic>dv</italic>/<italic>dq</italic>&<italic>dv</italic>/<italic>dp</italic> pair. Among them, RF and DT classifier achieves precision, recall, and F score of unity and outperforming NB and SVM. The performance of the proposed RF and DT classifiers with <italic>dv</italic>/<italic>dq</italic>&<italic>dv</italic>/<italic>dp</italic> pair is compared with existing research papers in terms of accuracy and data division. The comparison shows that the proposed RF and DT classifiers with <italic>dv</italic>/<italic>dq</italic>&<italic>dv</italic>/<italic>dp</italic> pair achieve 100% accuracy even with 50% data division, whereas other techniques fail to achieve it even at 20% for testing and 80% for training. The study underscores the critical role of pair selection and classifier combinations in effective anomaly detection, facilitating the implementation of robust mitigating strategies for power system stability. Authors