A novel bioink consisting of alginate, cellulose nanofibril and polydopamine nanoparticles for 3D bioprinting bone scaffold

Abstract

Bioprinting is an emerging scaffold manufacturing technology that biomimic not only the complex structure of tissues or organs but also the environment where cell can live. In order to satisfy these purpose, bioink should have bioactivity while forming a 3D printing structure. In this study, nanocomposite hydrogel consisting of alginate, tempo-oxidized cellulose nanofiber (TOCNF) and polydopamine nanoparticle (PDA NP) was fabricated to meet both standards. Rheological property and printability was measured to evaluate the possibility of 3D printing materials. When alginate and TOCNF were at the same ratio, feasibility as a 3D printing material was best. Furthermore, viability and osteogenic differentiation of bioprinted scaffold were observed to evaluate the possibility of applying it as a bone scaffold. Incorporation of PDA NP stimulated the proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of osteoblasts. Therefore, we found that nanocomposite bioink consisting of same ratio of alginate and TOCNF with PDA NP has best performance on both printability and bioactivity. We expected that this nanocomposite bioink can be used on fabrication of osteogenic 3D scaffold in bone tissue engineering field.