Determination of topological charge of the vector vortex beams using polarization speckle size

Abstract

The topological charge of vector vortex beams was determined by analyzing the polarization speckle size through the two-dimensional auto-correlation function of the scattered light. A non-separable vector beam, exhibiting singularities in both orbital angular momentum (OAM) and polarization, was also generated. The degree of polarization (DOP), obtained through the Stokes parameters, was used to verify the non-separability. These vector vortex beams show great potential for applications such as free-space optical communication and high-precision angular sensing.