Multi-modal study of phase transition in LaCoO3 using a synchrotron-based X-ray analysis techniques
- Abstract
- 페로브스카이트물질은안정적인구조,광범위한화학적변이,높은이온전도성으로 인해 널리 연구되고 있다. 특히, LaCoO3는 스핀 상태 전이, 금속-절연체 상전이, 구조적 상전이, 산화-환원 반응 등 특징적인 물리적 및 화학적 성질과 활용가능성으로 인하여 많은 과학자들의 관심을 끌어왔다. 최근에 들어서는 LaCoO3가 주변 환경에 따른 구조 적 전이를 갖는 특성에 대한 연구들이 여러 그룹에서 집중적으로 탐구되고있다. 하지만 LaCoO3의상전이는넓은온도범위와압력에걸쳐이뤄지기때문에, in situ 실험을통한 상전이 전 과정에 대한 이해가 아직까지는 미지의 영역으로 남아있었다. 본 연구에서는 in situ X-선회절(XRD),전기적 I–V측정,상압하 X-선광전자분광기 (AP-HAXPES) 을 활용하여 LaCoO3 박막의 토포택틱 상전이 특성을 살펴보았다. in situ XRD 측정을 통해 고진공 조건( 10−5 mbar)에서 350,◦C의 온도에서 LaCoO3의 페로브스카이트 상이 La3Co3O8의 중간 상을 거쳐 La2Co2O5의 브라운밀러라이트 상으로 구조적 상전이를 보이는 것을 명확히 확인 되었다. 또한 100,◦C 근처에서 대기압 조건(1 atm) 하에서 BM상에서 PV상으로의가역적구조상전이가관찰되었다. XRD에서감지된상전이는 전기적 I–V 측정을 통해서도 확인되었으며, 구조적인 상전이와 함께 전기적인 저항의 변화도 함께 나타나는 것을 확인할 수 있었다. 한편, AP-HAXPES를 통한 LCO 박막의 – iii – 전자구조의 변화를 추적하였는데, Co 2p 스펙트럼에서 관찰된 산화 상태는 LCO에서 산소 공공이 SPT와 연관되어 있음을 나타냈다. 또한 가전자대 XPS 스펙트럼 분석을 통하여 PV상에서 BM상으로의 SPT동안밴드갭의증가를관찰하였다.두스펙트럼의 비교를 통하여 LCO의 밴드갭의 증가는 산소 공공의 증가에 따라 나타나는 것을 확인할 수 있었다. ©2025 신 현 석 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED|Perovskite materials have been widely studied because of their stable structure, wide range of chemical variations, and high ionic conductivity. Among these mate- rials, LaCoO3 (LCO) has attracted many researchers due to its interesting physical and chemical characteristics and practical applications, such as spin-state transition, insulator-metal transition, structural phase transition (SPT), magnetic transition, and oxygen reduction/evolution reaction. Of all these features, the topotactic phase tran- sition of LCO has been extensively investigated by many research groups because of its practical application. As yet, comprehensive in situ study of physical/chemical properties across the phase transition have not been performed due to experimental limitations. In this study, by utilizing textitin situ X-ray diffraction (XRD), electri- cal I–V measurements, and ambient pressure hard X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (AP-HAXPES), we investigated the characteristics of the topotactic phase transition in LCO thin films. The XRD measurements provided clear evidence of a SPT in the LCO thin films from the perovskite (PV) phase of LaCoO3 to the brownmillerite (BM) phase of La2Co2O5 via the intermediate phase of La3Co3O8 at a temperature of 350 ◦C under high vacuum conditions ( 10−5 mbar). The reverse SPT from the BM phase back to the PV phase was also observed under ambient air pressure (1 atm) near 100 ◦C. SPT detected in XRD was corroborated by electrical I–V measurements, indicating phase transitions between the metallic PV phase and the insulating BM phase and vice versa. During the onset of structural phase transition, the bulk chemical and elec- tronic states of the LCO thin films were monitored using AP-HAXPES. The oxidation states observed in the Co 2p spectra suggested that oxygen vacancies are correlated with the SPT in LCO. Furthermore, an increase in the band gap was observed during the SPT from the PV to the BM phase. The shift of the valence band maximum shows the formation of oxygen vacancies causing the modification of the electronic structure of LCO. The analysis of valence band structures was further compared with the I–V measurements. ©2025 HyunSuk Shin ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
- Author(s)
- 신현석
- Issued Date
- 2025
- Type
- Thesis
- URI
- https://scholar.gist.ac.kr/handle/local/19511
- Alternative Author(s)
- Hyunsuk Shin
- Department
- 대학원 물리·광과학과
- Advisor
- Mun, Bongjin Simon
- Table Of Contents
- Abstract (English) i
Abstract (Korean) iii
List of Contents v
List of Tables vii
List of Figures viii
1 General Introduction 1
1.1 Basic principles of Photoemission Process 1
1.1.1 The nature of Photoelectron effect 1
1.1.2 Hamiltonian equation 5
1.1.3 Hartree-Fock Approximation and Koopman’s Theorem 7
1.1.4 Quantitative analysis of XPS 12
1.2 Ambient Pressure X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy 17
1.2.1 Instrumentation for XPS 17
1.2.2 Ambient Pressure X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy 26
2 Investigation on the origin of topotactic phase transition of LaCoO 3
thin film with in situ XRD and AP-HAXPES 31
2.1 Introduction 31
2.2 Experimental methods 36
2.2.1 Sample preparation 36
2.2.2 in situ Ambient Pressure X-ray photoelectron Spectroscopy 38
2.2.3 In situ X-ray probe experiments 38
2.2.4 Ambient Pressure Hard X-ray Photo Emission Spectroscopy 40
2.2.5 X-ray Absorption Spectroscopy 42
2.3 Results and Discussion 44
2.3.1 In-house APXPS measurement 44
2.3.2 X-ray Probe measurement 48
2.3.3 Electrical transport measurement 55
2.3.4 in situ AP-HAXPES measurements 59
– v –
2.3.5 in situ X-ray Absorption Spectroscopy 66
2.4 Conclusions 72
Summary 73
References 76
A Spin-state transition in LCO 90
Acknowledgements 94
– vi –
- Degree
- Doctor
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