Integrated multi-period distribution network expansion planning with Renewable energy penetration and distributed generation operator profit Kim, Woo-Sop Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology

Abstract

Driven by intensifying pressures to achieve zero-carbon emissions, Distribution Network Expansion Planning (DNEP) must increasingly reflect changes in energy markets from the Distribution System Operator (DSO) perspective. This study develops a new DNEP model that incorporates renewable energy (RE) penetration targets and explicitly considers DSO profit, integrating policy-driven elements such as grid tariffs and Renewable Portfolio Standards (RPS). Through detailed parameter analysis, including renewable penetration rates, grid tariff structures, and initial investment costs for RE, the research provides actionable insights into strategic decision-making. A key contribution of this work is the formulation of a new DNEP model that directly incorporates RE penetration targets and DSO economic profit. The proposed framework demonstrates how incremental increases in RE penetration determined from governmental policy reports can be integrated into period-based planning, ensuring consistency with national energy transition goals. By simulating various scenarios, the study highlights the importance of adaptive planning to achieve sustainability objectives, maintain DSO financial stability, and accommodate evolving market structures and regulatory mandates. Ultimately, this study offers a valuable tool for DSOs, enabling them to navigate the complexities of renewable integration more effectively. By balancing environmental targets with DSO profitability, the framework supports the development of resilient, economically viable, and policy-aligned distribution networks.