Comparison of abundance and diversity in soil, rhizosphere and leaf endophytic bacterial communities by clear-cut logging

Abstract

Bacterial communities of three types (soil, rhizosphere, leaf) of three species Quercus mongolica, Quercus serrata and Lindera obtusiloba in five sites which clear-cut logged were analyzed during 2020 and 2021 with soil properties in this study to identify the change of bacterial communities by logging. There was no difference of diversity and abundance of bacterial community by logging in 2020. Only in 2021, soil and leaf bacterial community of JS were more diverse in control than logging site. JS seemed in early stage after logging. By logging and site interaction, there were differences of soil bacterial community in 2021. However, statistical significance was not confirmed in ANOSIM. The difference in relative abundance of phylum in soil bacterial community was found in 12 phyla. These difference was almost showed in CY. Especially the phyla which were more abundant in logging site were found in one site CY. These phyla were showed negative relation with soil properties and they were included in oligotroph that lives in low levels of nutrients. However, these differences disappear in rhizosphere. After logging, oligotroph could be outcompeted by copiotroph because clear-cut logging makes carbon release from the decomposition of plant residue. Contrary to this, Acidobacteria showed differences in rhizosphere by logging and no difference in soil by logging in CY. However, Acidobacteria in logging site was decreased from soil to rhizosphere like other phyla of soil bacterial community that were more abundant in logging site. According to these patterns, CY site seemed to be in the recovery state after logging. On the other hand, HC, PC and YD showed no difference after logging. This suggest that the local and regional factors could be considered to confirm the impact of logging. Soil bacterial community showed significant correlation with soil properties as environmental factors. However, soil bacterial phyla in HC and JS which showed differences in soil properties were not differed by logging. Difference of one soil property by logging could not explain clearly the differences in soil bacterial community. The change of bacterial community by logging differed by type in this study. Difference of soil and rhizosphere bacterial community could be due to the selection of plants in the rhizosphere unlike the soil after logging. Leaf bacterial community had different composition with others and could be due to the different needs and roles of plants from rhizosphere and leaf endophyte. However, longer monitoring period is needed to confirm the change of year. Furthermore, there are needed to consider site characteristics including climate to confirm the change of bacterial community by logging. Future study of functional diversity of bacterial community is needed to understand the reason why each type of bacterial community responds different by logging.