High uniformity and stability of graphene transparent conducting electrodes by dual-side doping

Abstract

Chemical doping is an efficient method to tailor the electrical properties of graphene transparent conductive electrodes. In general, chemically doped graphene by single-side exhibits a drawback of high conductivity but inferior uniformity and stability after exposure to chemical solvent or annealing process. Here, we report a highly uniform and stable graphene transparent conducting electrodes doped by dual-side with macro- and small molecular organic dopants such as Nafion on the top and benzimidazole (BI) at the bottom. The electrical properties, optical properties, and stability were compared depending on the top-side dopants. Dual-side doping showed a higher work function (>5 eV), and a uniform low sheet resistance (less than 200 Ω sq