Microwave assisted and conventional hydrothermal treatment of waste seaweed: Comparison of hydrochar properties and energy efficiency

Abstract

Waste seaweed is a valuable source for converting into value-added carbon materials. In this study, the production of hydrochar from waste seaweed was optimized for hydrothermal carbonization in a microwave process. The produced hydrochar was compared with hydrochar synthesized by the regular process using a conventional heating oven. The results show that hydrochar produced with a holding time of 1 h by microwave heating has similar properties to the hydrochar produced in a conventionally heated oven for 4 h (200 °C and water/biomass ratio 5): carbon mass fraction (52.4 ± 3.9 %), methylene blue adsorption capacity (40.2 ± 0.2 mg g−1) and similar observations on surface functional groups and thermal stability were made between hydrochars produced by both methods. The analysis of energy consumption showed microwave assisted carbonization consume higher energy in compare to conventional oven. The present results suggest that hydrochar made from waste seaweed and using the microwave technique could be an energy-saving technology for producing hydrochar with similar specifications to hydrochar produced by conventional heating methods. © 2023 Elsevier B.V.